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Finally, how are vaccines made
Vaccines are made by taking viruses and bacteria and weakening them so that they don't reproduce in the child's body but form the antibodies necessary for protection when exposed to the natural or 'wild type' virus. In this way vaccinated children will develop immunity after being exposed to enough virus or bacteria but do not fall sick from the exposure. There are several ways to attenuate or weaken live virus vaccines.
(1) For example the polio virus in the IPV vaccine is destroyed permanently with some chemical so that the virus cannot replicate in the body at all.
(2) For example Hib or Hepatitis B vaccines use only part of the virus or bacteria and because only a part of it is active, the vaccine cannot actively duplicate in the body.
(3) For example the blueprint in MMR and OPV vaccines are changed to weaken them before the shot is given so as to prevent replication in the children.
(4) For example bacteria like diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis are all caused by the toxins produced by the bacteria. The vaccines made against the diseases are purified and destroyed with chemicals therefore disabling them from replicating.
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